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Le Ratio Dette/EBITDA : La Clé de la Solvabilité

الدين/EBITDA: الملاءة — LHM مقابل أسمنت المغرب

Debt/EBITDA: LHM vs Ciments du Maroc solvency

BVC practical case — why this ratio for cement makers?

BVC practical case: before buying a materials-sector stock, open the Casabourse comparator with LHM and CMA. The net debt/EBITDA ratio answers a simple question: how many years of gross operating profit would it take to repay net debt? In a capital-intensive sector (kilns, grinding, logistics), this ratio is often more telling than P/E.

Empirical rule on the Moroccan market: below 2x, leverage is generally comfortable; between 2x and 3x, watch closely; above 3x, refinancing risk or dividend cuts rise. Negative net debt (net cash) means the company holds more cash than financial debt — the ratio turns negative or becomes irrelevant, but it is a positive signal.

Debt/EBITDA table 2024 — cement duel

2024 indicator LafargeHolcim Maroc (LHM) Ciments du Maroc (CMA) Reading
Revenue 8.16 bn MAD 4.36 bn MAD LHM ~1.9x CMA’s size
2024 EBITDA ~3.65 bn MAD 1.78 bn MAD LHM: 2024 EBITDA line to cross-check in RFA; 2023 published proxy
Net debt end-2024 4.37 bn MAD −673 M MAD (net cash) CMA in net cash position
Net debt / EBITDA ~1.2x < 0x (net cash) LHM carries leverage; CMA has headroom
Gross debt 2024 4.53 bn MAD 187 M MAD CMA almost debt-free on a gross basis
2024 net income 1,826 M MAD 935 M MAD Both profitable despite different balance sheets
P/E (price / 2024 EPS) ~22.8x ~24.6x Comparable valuation despite different leverage
2024 dividend (DPS) 70 MAD 60 MAD LHM payout ~90%; CMA ~93%

Sources: LHM and CMA RFA 2024, Casabourse prices (~1,779 MAD LHM, ~1,595 MAD CMA). LHM 2024 EBITDA estimated from published 2023 base (~3.65 bn) — verify the exact line in the RFA and comparator.

Reading LHM — leverage present but under control

With 4.37 bn of net debt for EBITDA of about 3.65 bn, LHM shows a ratio of ~1.2x. That is not alarming for a national leader: the group’s historical cash flows absorb debt service and environmental capex (energy substitution, calcination kiln). However, in a cement downcycle or if rates stay high, this leverage weighs on flexibility: less room to raise the dividend or buy back shares than a debt-free peer.

The market knows this: LHM trades at an operational premium (market share, logistics network) but its balance sheet is heavier than CMA’s. The debt/EBITDA ratio explains why two cement makers with similar net margins (~22% vs ~21%) do not offer the same risk profile.

Reading CMA — net cash, negative ratio

CMA shows negative net debt of 673 M MAD in 2024: the company holds more liquid assets and short-term investments than financial debt. The debt/EBITDA ratio becomes not meaningful on a positive basis — we speak instead of “years of net cash” or self-financing capacity available for capex without borrowing.

With EBITDA of 1.78 bn and net income of 935 M, CMA combines profitability with balance-sheet prudence. In a period of slowing volumes (northern market, price competition), this net cash is a cushion: no immediate banking pressure, ability to maintain the dividend (60 MAD, payout ~93%) as long as margins hold.

2022–2024 trajectory — the ratio can move without the share price following

Year LHM net debt LHM EBITDA LHM debt/EBITDA CMA net debt CMA EBITDA
2022 5.53 bn n/d n/d net cash 1.65 bn
2023 4.99 bn 3.65 bn 1.37x 588 M cash 1.65 bn
2024 4.37 bn ~3.65 bn ~1.20x 673 M cash 1.78 bn

LHM slightly improves its ratio between 2023 and 2024 (debt down, EBITDA stable). CMA strengthens net cash while growing EBITDA — the balance sheet improves on both sides, but CMA remains clearly more defensive on leverage.

Investor verdict — four questions

  1. Is the ratio compared to the right sector? Debt/EBITDA for cement makers, not banks (where debt is the business).
  2. Is EBITDA recurring? Strip capital gains or exceptional reversals before calculating.
  3. What about capex? A low ratio with heavy capex may leave little real cash — cross-check with operating cash flow or FCF.
  4. What macro scenario? In a construction recovery, LHM benefits from leverage; in recession, CMA has more latitude.

Reproduce on Casabourse

Open LHM and CMA in the comparator. Note net debt and EBITDA over three years, calculate debt/EBITDA, then compare to P/E and dividend yield. The peer with the lowest ratio is not always the best deal if its growth or operational quality is inferior.

Key takeaways

  • Net debt / EBITDA = years of gross margin to repay debt.
  • LHM 2024: ~1.2x — leverage present but reasonable for a leader.
  • CMA 2024: net cash ~673 M — negative ratio, defensive signal.
  • Cross-check with capex, dividend and sector cycle before deciding.
  • Always verify in the comparator and published RFAs.

Self-check

  1. Which cement maker shows net cash in 2024?
  2. What is LHM’s approximate debt/EBITDA ratio in 2024?
  3. Why is CMA’s ratio shown as < 0x?
  4. Above what threshold does debt/EBITDA call for heightened caution?
  5. Which Casabourse tool updates the LHM/CMA duel?
Important

Ce contenu est fourni a des fins educatives. Il ne constitue pas un conseil en investissement personnalise ni une recommandation d acheter ou vendre une valeur. Verifiez toujours vos hypotheses, votre horizon et votre tolerance au risque.